Road Safety Professional (RSP) Level 1 Practice Exam

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• Select the correct mapping for A and C in the KABCO scale.
• Which term describes a situation where fatal crash counts may be influenced by factors outside the program, leading to misattributed improvements?
• Site-Level Safety Management focuses on which of the following?
• In the Driving Task Model, which component is most complex?
• In SMART objectives, the 'T' stands for what?
• When evaluating a road safety program, one should consider whether the program objectives are SMART. What does the "R" stand for in this acronym?
• In a case-control study design, how are study sites selected?
• What is the maximum MAIS level and what does it represent?
• Which concept best describes an evaluation outcome where a program increases public perception and leads to future laws but does not significantly reduce fatal crashes?
• Which survey type is most susceptible to social desirability bias?
• Which of the following pairings correctly matches KABCO letter to injury severity?
• What does CMF stand for in road safety analysis?
• What does 'O' stand for on the KABCO Scale for Injury Severity?
• Which national-level program exemplifies the SHSP model of national mandate with regional development?
• Which driver decision-making process do optical speed bars exploit to improve roadway safety, and why?
• Qualitative data examples include which of the following?
• Local information on crashes, traffic volumes and roadway geometry is essential for SPF calibration because
• Which of the following is NOT a key data quality measure for safety data?
• Which of the following is NOT a main element of an Integrated Safety Management System (ISM System)?
• Which of the following is an example of a national-level program which has followed this model?
• Which of the following is a core component of an Integrated Safety Management System (ISM System)?
• What is generally considered best practice to ensure the accuracy of output from a Safety Performance Function (SPF)?
• Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) are...
• In road safety analysis, CMF stands for
• CEI stands for Cost Effectiveness Index and is used to measure what?
• Substantive safety focuses on which metric?
• Which technique is best for economic appraisal when evaluating three or more treatment alternatives?
• Which data element is necessary to determine whether a roadway is nominally safe?
• Which statement describes a risk associated with using a benefit-cost ratio when comparing crash countermeasures?
• What percent probability of death corresponds to a rating of 6 on the Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale?
• If a CMF for a countermeasure is 0.8, what does this imply?
• In a case-control study design, which describes how cases and controls are defined?
• What are the main elements of an Integrated Safety Management System (ISM System)?
• What does a CMF represent?
• What are the three major components of the Driving Task Model?
• What does 'A' stand for on the KABCO Scale for Injury Severity?
• Which range best describes the useful field of view for a typical driver (horizontal arc centered on the driver's face)?
• What happens to crash frequency when traffic volume increases?
• What does CMF < 1 indicate?
• Which methodology improves the accuracy of safety effectiveness estimates by shrinking site estimates toward a global mean?
• Generally, how is traffic volume related to crashes?
• A local agency mails surveys asking residents if a media campaign changed their daily driving behavior. This is an example of what type of survey?
• The selection of a crash rate threshold to screen potential roadway hotspots is part of which methodology?
• Which is a step in Data-Driven Safety Management Processes?
• Which description best defines hotspot analysis in road safety?
• Which of the following is NOT a main element of an Integrated Safety Management System (ISM System)?
• What are the key performance measures associated with ensuring high quality safety data?
• The '4 E's' approach to Road Safety Management, what do the E's stand for?
• A CMF of 0.86 is applied to reduce crashes at a signalized intersection. With an approach AADT of 10,000 and a minor street AADT of 8,000, what percentage reduction in right-angle crashes would you expect?
• Which resource contains an abundance of Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) for roadway design scenarios?
• Which is an example of discrete data in crash analysis?
• What is the primary use of CMFs in safety analysis?
• Which strategy can be used to improve a basic before/after analysis for safety effectiveness evaluation?
• Which of the following is NOT a step in Data-Driven Safety Management Processes?
• Which policy is most likely to be the most effective in reducing fatal and serious injury crashes involving children on bicycles?
• In evaluation, what term describes the counterfactual scenario—what would have happened without the program?
• Statistical significance in safety outcomes indicates what?
• Nominal Safety is defined as an absolute statement about the safety of a location based only on its adherence to a set of design standards.
• A local agency is installing traffic signals at a stop-controlled intersection to reduce right-angle crashes. The CMF is 0.86. If major-street AADT is 10,000 and minor-street AADT is 8,000, what improvement should be expected?
• Which type of survey asks residents to report changes in their driving behavior due to a media campaign?
• What does 'K' stand for on the KABCO Scale for Injury Severity?
• The selection of a crash rate threshold to screen potential roadway hotspots is part of which methodology?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between the Highway Safety Manual CMFs and the CMF Clearinghouse?
• BCR stands for?
• If speed feedback signs correlate with a reduction in speeding-related fatalities the following year, without further information, this is an example of which statistical concept?
• What is the relationship between nominal safety and substantive safety?
• If two crash countermeasures have CMFs of 0.69 and 0.78 installed together, what is the resultant CMF?
• A transit stop is located in the middle of a block, directly across the road from a commercial shopping center, with no marked crossing. Which traffic safety outcome is most likely?
• Many successful road safety programs reinforce what people should do in a given roadway environment. What are these actions typically referred to as?
• When an SPF is estimated with a very low overdispersion parameter, which is true in an empirical Bayes estimate of expected crashes?
• In a multidisciplinary safety strategy, road safety professionals know that information is most effective when combined with which of the following?
• What speed is generally considered the upper limit of crash survivability for a head-on car-to-car collision?
• Which statement best describes a crash modification factor (CMF)?
• What does a crash modification factor quantify in safety analysis?
• Site-Level Safety Management focuses on which of the following?
• What is qualitative data?
• How many performance attributes for safety data were developed by the NHTSA?
• Which MAIS level corresponds to no injury?
• What is a potential problem with evaluating program effectiveness solely on crash reductions?
• Which tool is used to estimate the benefits associated with a particular safety countermeasure?
• Which of the following are considered 'critical data' for road safety?
• What is the primary purpose of a Crash Modification Factor (CMF)?
• Represents a serious risk associated with conflating correlation and causation when evaluating a road safety program?
• If a CMF equals 1, what does that imply about crashes after implementing the countermeasure?
• Which of the following strategies can be used to improve upon a basic before / after analysis for safety effectiveness evaluation?
• Which statement describes causation versus correlation?
• The regression - to - the - mean concept describes which phenomenon?
• What study design best isolates the causal impact of a road safety program on crashes?
• SPF stands for Safety Performance Function. Which option correctly reflects its meaning?
• Which of the following is an example of deliberative decision-making when selecting a travel route?
• Which metric is most appropriate to assess whether a countermeasure achieved a crash reduction goal?
• What happens to crash severity when traffic volume increases?
• Which letter corresponds to a possible injury?
• The Calibration Factor accounts for what differences?
• Which is an example of a national-level program that follows the model of national mandate with regional development?
• Net Present Value (NPV) is used to evaluate what?
• What is the proper hierarchy of activities in the Driving Task Model, from least complex to most complex?
• Deliberative decision-making is best described as which option?
• Which of the following is NOT a driving task model?
• A section of roadway is being considered for two countermeasures at the same time. CMF1 is 0.69 and CMF2 is 0.78. If each targets a different crash type, what is the best estimate of the resultant combined CMF?
• What is another way to describe stochastic factors in crash outcomes?
• If the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is greater than 1, what does this generally indicate about the project?
• The regression-to-mean concept describes which phenomenon?
• Another common name for a strategic highway safety plan is
• A local survey asks residents to report whether a recent media campaign changed their daily driving behavior. This is an example of which type of survey?
• Which approach corresponds to educational measures to improve road safety?
• Which term describes the relationship between two variables when one appears to be associated with the other but does not prove causation?
• Quantitative data are described as which of the following?
• In SMART objectives, the 'A' stands for which description?
• Who conducts a road safety audit?
• In SPF analysis, EB adjustment stands for which?
• What is the annual SPF calibration multiplier?
• What does 'B' stand for on the KABCO Scale for Injury Severity?
• Which of the following is NOT identified as critical data for road safety?
• What are the two main ways in which drivers select a travel speed?
• Which statement about using the 5th edition of MMUCC for crash data reporting is true?
• Which scenario describes intuitive decision-making as a driver approaches a freeway exit ramp?
• Which of the following best describes a deterministic factor affecting crash outcomes?
• Dynamic visual acuity is best described as:
• If MMUCC sets a minimum threshold for data collection, what is a likely consequence?
• What are the risks associated with the use of a benefit - cost ratio when comparing safety countermeasures?
• Intuitive decision-making in roadway users is described as which type of process?
• What is needed to establish causation rather than correlation in an evaluation of a road safety program?
• Which description best distinguishes accuracy from completeness in safety data?
• According to the World Health Organization, approximately how many people are killed globally in motor vehicle crashes each year?
• Which of the following is not generally a characteristic of a successful road safety program?
• How are CMFs from the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) related to CMFs published in the CMF Clearinghouse?
• Perception-Reaction Time (PRT) consists of which components?
• Besides economic costs, what is the other type of person-level cost sometimes considered when valuing crash safety?
• SPFs are used to estimate the average crash frequency for a facility type with specified base conditions. True or False?
• Which statement correctly describes the potential bias in before/after evaluations if not accounted for?
• What are the four steps associated with perception-reaction time, in order?
• Quality Adjusted Life Years measure?
• In program evaluation, which concept refers to the practical importance of an observed effect, beyond statistical metrics?
• Which of the following techniques should be used when conducting an economic appraisal of three or more treatment alternatives?
• Which tool is used to estimate the benefits associated with a particular safety countermeasure?
• Which is typically the first step in a data-driven safety management process?
• What is the best practice to ensure the accuracy of output from a Safety Performance Function (SPF)?
• Which letter indicates a fatal injury?
• System-Level Safety Management focuses on which scope?
• If Countermeasure A has CMF 0.70 and Countermeasure B has CMF 0.90, and they address different crash types, what is the combined CMF?
• Which modes of travel are typically considered to be 'active transportation'?
• Which methodology screens potential hotspots by comparing observed crash occurrences to a critical collision rate?
• According to prevailing research, single-vehicle crashes are how many times more likely to occur during nighttime hours?
• Which of the following is not a primary factor for bicyclist level of stress?
• What does 'C' stand for on the KABCO Scale for Injury Severity?
• The Safe Systems Approach focuses on minimizing which of the following aspects associated with a crash?
• Speed feedback signs installed; speeding-related fatalities reduced next year. Without other information, this would be an example of:
• Generally, what is a characteristic of a successful road safety program?
• What design perception-reaction time value does the AASHTO Highway Safety Manual recommend to capture the abilities of most users?
• Which MAIS level indicates Serious injury?
• For academics and researchers, which of the following safety data sets typically have very low levels of accessibility?
• An evaluation of a distracted driving program shows increased public awareness and the potential for future laws, but no significant crash reduction. This illustrates which concept?
• Which data source best normalizes crash incidence to population in a community?
• Which statement about quantitative data is true?
• Another common name for a strategic highway safety plan is:
• Which of the following is NOT considered active transportation?
• One type of safety champion is an individual with access to resources, and with the ability to implement change. What is the other type?
• Which letter in the KABCO scale represents an incapacitating injury?
• What is the purpose of the Calibration Factor (C) in safety analysis?
• Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) are…
• Which program is an example of a national-level program that has followed this model of national mandate with regional development?
• The actions that successful road safety programs reinforce for drivers or pedestrians are referred to as which of the following?
• Substantive safety focuses on which metric?
• Which statement best defines normative behavior in road safety education?
• Which edition of MMUCC is referenced for crash data reporting in the material?
• Which of the following best describes the purpose of a road safety audit?
• An evaluation finding that a program increased public awareness and led to future laws, without showing immediate crash reductions, demonstrates which concept?
• Which statement best describes the use of SPF in road safety planning?
• In crash modification analysis, CMF stands for:
• Which law enforcement strategy focuses on specific roadway user behaviors?
• What is the primary purpose of public awareness campaigns in road safety?
• In a data-driven safety management process, network screening is the initial step in identifying safety issues across the network. Which option best describes this step?
• What is the main purpose of field activities such as road safety audits and traffic conflict studies?
• When two CMFs are combined, the resultant CMF is:
• Obtaining crash records from a city police department is an example of working with a road safety partner at which level?
• The Haddon Matrix is best described as which use?
• Which environmental change is most likely to reduce speeding on residential streets?
• The likelihood of a crash and its resultant injury severity is a combination of which two factors?
• In evaluating a road safety program, what does the 'S' in SMART objectives stand for?
• ISM stands for which of the following?
• Which speed is generally considered the upper limit of crash survivability for most pedestrians and cyclists?
• Which of the following are field activities that can be used to diagnose safety issues on a section of roadway?
• What percentage of roadway information for drivers is visual?
• Access management can best be described as
• In a multidisciplinary safety strategy, road safety professionals know that roadway users respond best to information combined with what?
• Network screening measures explicitly account for crash severity by using which metric?
• Where are high-quality CMFs published along with many others?
• What study design would help determine if speed feedback signs caused a reduction in fatalities?
• Which road safety countermeasure has the least impact on operations and accessibility?
• The CMF of 0.86 used to reduce right-angle crashes targets which crash type?
• Economic costs include which components?
• In the Highway Safety Manual, what happens to the predicted average frequency of single-vehicle crashes on urban/suburban roads as traffic volumes increase?
• Which option correctly states the A component in SMART as described?
• Deliberative mistakes occur when roadway users operate on what type of information?